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EW SHOW DAILY 24 ASCRS Symposia Monday, April 20, 2015 controversy about microscopes. Conversion to ECCE took place through the '70s and into the '80s. There were some early phacoemulsi- fication procedures but phaco only became dominant in the 1990s. There were some dramatic improve- ments in the technology, and the parallel evolution of IOLs drove the move toward smaller incisions. Dr. Crandall contrasted his 1976 film with the Star Wars-themed video by Nick Mamalis, MD, Salt Lake City, "Fun with Femtosecond Lasers," viewable at the kiosks in the Sails Pavilion of the San Diego Convention Center. With imaging in 2015 now including modalities such as OCTs, and branching out into tele-medi- cine—which Dr. Crandall believes will be absolutely critical, particular- ly in reaching out to the developing world—the field of ophthalmic photography, he said, has done the same thing: entered an incredible digital world. EW Editors' note: The speakers have no related financial interests. by Chiles Aedam R. Samaniego EyeWorld Asia-Pacific Senior Staff Writer The society includes "photog- raphers, physicians, technicians, researchers, and vendors, all with a common interest in producing high quality diagnostic imaging of the eyes," Mr. Cavicchi said. The symposium that followed Mr. Cavicchi's brief history was a celebration of the centuries-old con- nection between photography and the eye, capped off with a keynote lecture given by Alan Crandall, MD, Salt Lake City. As a clinician, Dr. Crandall offered a different perspective on the profession of ophthalmic photogra- phy, framing it against the evolution of cataract surgery. In 1972, Dr. Crandall said, the role of the ophthalmic photographer was fairly limited, including mostly just slit lamp photography and flu- orescein angiography; even surgical microscopes were not universal at the time. Dr. Crandall showed a digital transfer of a 16-mm film reel of one of his surgeries from 1976, demon- strating the techniques of ICCE and thermal sclerostomy. In the 1970s, he said, they used loops as there had been some From that point on, there were several milestones in the evolution of both photography and ophthal- mic photography that culminated in reflex-free fundus cameras using electronic flashes by the end of the 1950s. In 1959, Harold Novotny and David Alvis used a modern fundus camera to perform the first fluoresce- in angiogram in a human eye. "This event was a game-changer in ophthalmic imaging," Mr. Cavicchi said. The enthusiasm in fundus photography and angiogra- phy from this event continued all through the 1960s and eventually spawned a new profession: ophthal- mic photography. "In the early days of the pro- fession, photographers and physi- cians often worked side by side in a collegial environment exploring the eye together using ophthalmoscope, slit lamp, and camera," Mr. Cavicchi said. As might be expected of such a young profession, Mr. Cavicchi said, the earliest practitioners "found a great desire for interaction with fel- low professionals," a desire to share their experiences and techniques. Eventually, in 1969, 10 oph- thalmic photographers met at the Palmer House Hotel in Chicago during the American Academy of Ophthalmology meeting, forming the Ophthalmic Photographers' Society (OPS)—a society that now includes about 1,000 members in 27 countries. "F rom the earliest days of photogra- phy, several pho- tographers sought to use the camera to document the condition of the eye," Robert Cavicchi, CRS, FOPS, Boston, said. "But with the technical limitations of the available photo- sensitive materials and the difficulty in illuminating the interior of the eye, fundus photography became the Holy Grail of medical imaging." Mr. Cavicchi presented a brief, comprehensive history of ophthal- mic photography at a symposium, "Imaging the Anterior Segment with the Ophthalmic Photographers' Society," on Saturday afternoon. "Over the next several decades, there were incremental advances in optical instrumentation and photo- graphic processes," he said. All these advances, beginning with the ophthalmoscope credited to Hermann von Helmholtz in 1851 (although his device was an inde- pendent reinvention of an instru- ment invented by the man hailed as one of the fathers of the computer, Charles Babbage, in 1846), moved ophthalmic photography steadily toward practical examination and photography of the eye, he said. Toward the end of the 19th cen- tury, Mr. Cavicchi said that Lucien Howe, one of the early pioneers of fundus photography, echoed the idea of the eye as a camera in an article in which he described having captured the first recognizable fun- dus photograph. Photography and the eye: OPS celebrates 'centuries-old connection' " ... in 1969, 10 ophthalmic photographers met at the Palmer House Hotel in Chicago during the American Academy of Ophthalmology meeting, forming the Ophthalmic Photographers' Society (OPS)—a society that now includes about 1,000 members in 27 countries. " Download the map and exhibitor directory with the ASCRS•ASOA 365 app ascrs.org/gettheapp

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